Category Archives: Reports

Datapump, DDL, Security

Generate user DDL with dbms_metadata.get_ddl user

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The oracle DBA can use these 2 scripts to generate DDL statements for a user with their roles, system and object privileges.

For Oracle 18c / 12c / 11g / 10g:

clear screen
accept uname prompt 'Enter User Name : '
accept outfile prompt  ' Output filename : '

spool &&outfile..gen

SET LONG 20000 LONGCHUNKSIZE 20000 PAGESIZE 0 LINESIZE 1000 FEEDBACK OFF VERIFY OFF TRIMSPOOL ON

BEGIN
   DBMS_METADATA.set_transform_param (DBMS_METADATA.session_transform, 'SQLTERMINATOR', true);
   DBMS_METADATA.set_transform_param (DBMS_METADATA.session_transform, 'PRETTY', true);
END;
/

SELECT dbms_metadata.get_ddl('USER','&&uname') FROM dual;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_GRANTED_DDL('SYSTEM_GRANT','&&uname') from dual;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_GRANTED_DDL('ROLE_GRANT','&&uname') from dual;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_GRANTED_DDL('OBJECT_GRANT','&&uname') from dual;

spool off

More information for the package dbms_metadata, function get_ddl user in the official Oracle 18c/12c documentation :
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/arpls/DBMS_METADATA.html

For Oracle <10 (runs well too with 10g, 11g, 12.2 and 18c):

clear screen

accept uname prompt 'Display the DDL for this specific user: '
accept outfile prompt  ' Output filename : '

col username noprint
col lne newline

SET LONG 20000 LONGCHUNKSIZE 20000 PAGESIZE 0 LINESIZE 1000 FEEDBACK OFF VERIFY OFF TRIMSPOOL ON

spool &&outfile..gen

prompt  -- generate user ddl
SELECT username, 'CREATE USER '||username||' '||
       DECODE(password, 'EXTERNAL', 'IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY',
              'IDENTIFIED BY VALUES '''||password||''' ') lne,
       'DEFAULT TABLESPACE '||default_tablespace lne,
       'TEMPORARY TABLESPACE '||temporary_tablespace||';' lne
  FROM DBA_USERS
 WHERE USERNAME LIKE UPPER('%&&uname%')
    OR UPPER('&&uname') IS NULL
 ORDER BY USERNAME;

SELECT username, 'ALTER USER '||username||' QUOTA '||
       DECODE(MAX_BYTES, -1, 'UNLIMITED', TO_CHAR(ROUND(MAX_BYTES/1024))||'K')
       ||' ON '||tablespace_name||';' lne
  FROM DBA_TS_QUOTAS
 WHERE USERNAME LIKE UPPER('%&&uname%')
    OR UPPER('&&uname') IS NULL
 ORDER BY USERNAME;

col grantee noprint

select grantee, granted_role granted_priv,
       'GRANT '||granted_role||' to '||grantee||
       DECODE(ADMIN_OPTION, 'Y', ' WITH ADMIN OPTION;', ';')
  from dba_role_privs
 where grantee like upper('%&&uname%')
         UNION
select grantee, privilege granted_priv,
       'GRANT '||privilege||' to '||grantee||
       DECODE(ADMIN_OPTION, 'Y', ' WITH ADMIN OPTION;', ';')
  from dba_sys_privs
 where grantee like upper('%&&uname%')
 order by 1, 2;

spool off

Another use of this procedure is to copy a user account from one Oracle instance to another. With the same password, grants and roles without using the expdp/impdp tools.

Another method to retreive the Data Description Language for an Oracle user with all roles and Privileges:

With datapump (impdp) you can use the parameter sqlfile=My_file.sql you can easily get DDL from dumpfile:
http://www.oracle-scripts.net/standard-datapump-use/

Author: Vincent Fenoll
Compatibility: Oracle 18c, 12c, 11g

DDL, Reports

How to extract DDL for scheduler jobs owned by SYS?

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We can’t export scheduler jobs which are owned by SYS user, even in Oracle 18c and 12c. If you try to get DDL for scheduler jobs owned by SYS you’ll hit ORA-31603 error
The solution of this problem is to copy the scheduler job to another user (e.g. vfenoll) and then extract the DDL with dbms_metadata.

 

Here is the steps with an example:

— create the temporary user
create user vfenoll identified by tempuser1234;

— build the copy statement
set head off lines 130
select ‘exec dbms_scheduler.copy_job(”SYS.’ || job_name || ”’, ”VFENOLL.’ || job_name || ”’);’ from dba_scheduler_jobs where owner=’SYS’;

— select the jobs you want to copy (probably at the end of the list) and execute the copy_job for your selection
[…]
exec dbms_scheduler.copy_job(‘SYS.PURGE_FGA_TRAILS’, ‘VFENOLL.PURGE_FGA_TRAILS’);
[…]

# Build the DDL statements
SET ECHO OFF NEWP 0 SPA 0 PAGES 0 FEED OFF HEAD OFF TRIMS ON TAB OFF SERVEROUT OFF VER OFF

exec DBMS_METADATA.set_transform_param (DBMS_METADATA.session_transform, ‘SQLTERMINATOR’, true);

exec DBMS_METADATA.set_transform_param (DBMS_METADATA.session_transform, ‘PRETTY’, true);

spool gen_sys_scheduler_jobs.sql
select ‘select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(”PROCOBJ”,”’ || job_name || ”’,”VFENOLL”) from dual;’ from dba_scheduler_jobs where owner=’VFENOLL’;
spool off

# extract the DDL
set long 2000 head off
spool sys_scheduler_jobs.sql
@gen_sys_scheduler_jobs.sql
spool off
[…]

BEGIN
dbms_scheduler.create_job(‘”PURGE_FGA_TRAILS”‘,
job_type=>’PLSQL_BLOCK’, job_action=>
‘BEGIN DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL(2, TRUE); END;’
, number_of_arguments=>0,
start_date=>NULL, repeat_interval=>
‘FREQ=HOURLY;INTERVAL=24’
, end_date=>NULL,
job_class=>'”DEFAULT_JOB_CLASS”‘, enabled=>FALSE, auto_drop=>TRUE,comments=>
‘Audit clean job = ”PURGE_FGA_TRAILS”’
);

COMMIT;
END;
/

[…]
spool off

 

— Format the output, change enabled=>FALSE   to TRUE, remove the COMMITs.

You can also recreate the jobs in Cloud Control with the all the informations you gathered.

 

— drop the temporary user with the jobs
drop user vfenoll cascade;

 

It’s never a good idea to create jobs (or other objects) in SYS, prefer another schema :)

Here is another post to extract the DDL of a user with dbms_metadata.get_ddl user.  Get the script for the user creation also for the roles & object grant & system grants provided to this user.

 

Author: V. Fenoll Oracle DBA Montreal

Compatibility: Oracle 18c, 12c, 11g, 10g

Reports

How to check the maximum number of session connected

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For the last days, I want to know the maximum number of sessions on a database or for each node of my RAC.

The considered period is sysdate > AWR retention time

select a.instance_number, current_utilization, end_interval_time
from sys.wrh$_resource_limit a, sys.wrm$_snapshot b
where a.resource_name like ‘%sessions%’
and a.snap_id = b.snap_id
and a.instance_number = b.instance_number
and a.instance_number = 1
and b.begin_interval_time > sysdate – 30
order by current_utilization desc;

 

For the second node of a RAC change a.instance_number = 1 by a.instance_number=2.

 

NOTES:

AWR retention time:

select
extract( day from snap_interval) *24*60+
extract( hour from snap_interval) *60+
extract( minute from snap_interval ) “Snapshot Interval”,
extract( day from retention) *24*60+
extract( hour from retention) *60+
extract( minute from retention ) “Retention Interval”
from dba_hist_wr_control;

To change AWR retention time:

execute dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings ( interval => 60,  retention => 100800);

 

Author: Vincent Fenoll Oracle DBA Montreal

Reports

ASM Space used

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I want to monitor space usage (free and used) on Oracle ASM diskgroups.

 

With v$ view and sql*Plus:

SELECT name, free_mb, total_mb, free_mb/total_mb*100 as percentage
FROM v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME FREE_MB TOTAL_MB PERCENTAGE
———————————————————— ———- ———- ———-
DATA 62532 1536216 4.07052133
MGMT 5760 42000 13.7142857
OCRVOTE 20144 20480 98.359375
RECOVER 441296 445496 99.0572306

With asmcmd:

$ asmcmd lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Logical_Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 512 4096 4194304 1536216 498044 0 498044 0 N DATA/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 512 4096 4194304 42000 5760 0 5760 0 N MGMT/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 512 4096 4194304 20480 20144 0 20144 0 Y OCRVOTE/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 512 4096 4194304 445496 441296 0 441296 0 N RECOVER/

If you have it, Cloud control give also the information.

Vincent Fenoll – Oracle OCP Database administrator in Montreal

Reports

SQL Get list of all characters in column

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I have an Oracle database table (e.g employee) with a lot of addresses in different languages and special characters.

I want to get the list of all distinct characters and have a count of each occurrences.

with data
as
(select level r from dual connect by level <= 100)
select substr( a.address, r, 1 ) as Character , count(*) as Number_occurrence
from employee a, data
where data.r <= length(a.address)
group by substr(a.address,r,1)
order by substr(address) ;

For this example, the length of the address field is 100; that’s why we connect 100 times.

Output:

Character Number_occurrence
! 147
” 356
# 19939
$ 1042
% 47
& 21247
‘ 18708
( 49995
) 48235
* 28379
+ 412
, 8051
– 69373
. 107809
/ 52027
: 590
; 14
< 5
= 18

Script by: Ulpia ITTU Oracle DBA (Montreal)